exchange of goods and services between two or more people, otherwise known as commerce, is as old a practice as mankind. In recent times commerce has added a twist, pairing it with electronic resources. With the invention of the computer and the creation of the Internet business done online became known as Electronic Commerce (e-commerce). E-commerce combines technology, information systems, and the long reaching arm of the Internet to bring together businesses and customers in a paperless exchange of business information. It has proven to be an alternative means of conducting business that formerly was done in person, by phone, or in a brick-and-mortar store.
Business-to Business electronic commerce facilitates inter-organizational interaction and transaction. Here two or more business entities interact with each other directly or through an intermediary (Kumar & Kumar, 2009). In 1990 Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web, taking an academic computer network and transforming it into a communications system available to anyone with a computer. By the turn of the new century the Internet had grown to such an extent that businesses were able to offer their services and products online.
When speaking about globalization most refer to the recent past of the 1990s as the beginning but in truth one must go back to the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Human innovation brought forth the invention of the telephone and airplane, opening people to possibilities before unknown. Prior to this having contact with others at great distances took long periods of time. As time passed technological advances made it faster and easier to conduct business transactions.
Globalization and therefore e-commerce, brings market forces from all corners of the world, from industrial complexes and financial centers of large urban areas to small villages in remote locations, together to exchange goods and services. Economies across the world have integrated labor and technology, along with political, cultural, and environmental plans, bringing substantial benefits to all involved. As the economy moves from local to national markets, transactions span longer social and geographical distances — this requires the production of institutional, formal trust (Koh, Fichman, & Kraut, 2009).
In terms of e-commerce centralization refers to a method of having one main location or area in which all data can be electronically accessed or distributed. That data will hold all information regarding services or products for sale, clients, customers, and preferences. All information is stored on one server and can be distributed to various interested parties. Due to this compilation of data more detailed information can be garnered; specific information on what services or products are most popular, the reason for that popularity, customer demographics, sales totals broken into specific time frames, etc. are all segments of information available in a centralized e-commerce location.
The Internet, a communications medium unlike any other and previously unavailable to businesses in past decades, has reshaped the way companies conduct business while simultaneously providing an alternative to traditional brick-and-mortar stores and given small businesses an opportunity to level the playing field in their competition with large companies.
References
Koh, T., Fichman, M., & Kraut, R.E. (2009). Trust across borders: buyer-supplier trust in global B2B e-commerce. Academy of Management Annual Meeting Proceedings, 1-6. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.
Kumar, M., & Kumar, M. (2009). An Analysis of E-commerce models and strategies. Advances in Management, 2(12), 7-10. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.
Mini Project 2
Need Analysis is the process of identifying and evaluating the needs of an organization. The identification of needs then details problems of a target subject and possible solutions to these problems. Need analysis focuses on what should be done and the requirements related to the goals that have been established rather than on what had been done previously as is the focus of most program evaluations.
Whether the analysis is formal and extensive or informal with a narrow focus it will include all activities used and the information collected that will be used to work toward goals previously set. The goals will be the foundation for the needs analysis and will provide the framework for future work to be done. Usually target goals will address organization needs as a whole, departmental needs, knowledge, and employee attitudes and skills.
Once the need analysis has been completed, the needs that were identified are translated into measurable objectives that can guide the training process. Training objectives should focus on the behavior component which describes in clear terms what a learner has to do to demonstrate that he or she has in fact learned. Behavioral training objectives state what the person will be able to do, under what conditions and how well he or she will be able to do it (Sunita, & Ajeya, 2010).
One of the first things a business must consider before entering the e-commerce market is to determine if the business itself is tailored to or can be adapted to doing business over the Internet. In this area not all businesses are created equally. Some types of businesses sell services that may be better handled in person, such as personal insurance or automobiles. It is fine to have a website that advertises the company with all pertinent information listed but no matter how well a photograph depicts an automobile it is no substitute for the buyer taking a test drive.
When an organization is making the decision to do a needs analysis there are two types to consider. The first type can be called a competency analysis because it identifies new skills and abilities that could be acquired based on opportunities available at the time. The second type of needs analysis is called a problem analysis because it identifies a specific problem facing the organization and offers solutions crafted to solve that problem.
Although it can be argued that conducting a needs analysis is redundant because there is already information available specifying what an organization’s needs are, conducting an analysis contributes to the overall strategy of an organization in regards to educating and training all members of the company. All employees must be invested in making improvements that are deemed necessary for the growth and success of the organization as well as their personal career growth. The seeds for ultimate acceptance and use of the solution are planned at the beginning of the phase. The goal is to identify key people, think about how the solution to the problem will affect each of them and start to pursue their buy-in. The purpose of a strategy or a plan of action is to establish needs, regardless of the level or type of needs assessment to be undertaken (Sunita, & Ajeya, 2010).
References
Sunita, D., & Ajeya, J. (2010). Training Need Assessment: A Critical Study. Advances in Management, 3(11), 59-65. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.
Mini Project 3
Establishing an e-commerce business presence is a viable option for small businesses to reach more consumers. How people shop and search for information has dramatically changed over the past fifteen years. With the advent of widespread commercial Internet technologies, the changes in business operations and consumer behavior have been unprecedented. In the United States alone, purchasing has grown from nothing in 1993 to more than $1 trillion in 2007, accounting for more than three percent of all retail transactions (Moore, & Breazeale, 2010).
Before entering into the e-commerce marketplace it is important for a business to understand e-commerce. A business owner must have clearly defined goals and know what he wishes to accomplish by going online, as well as understanding the time and effort that will be involved in creating the business’ online image. First impressions are import and the way in which a product or service is presented to the public will have a great impact on future sales and customer relationships.
Electronic commerce benefits a small business in numerous ways. It offers an opportunity to compete with the larger companies on a more level playing field. Limited resources frequently restrict the ability of small firms to reach beyond local markets. When confined to their brick-and-mortar world, small businesses typically are restricted to a certain geographic area. The Internet blurs those lines, allowing any business access to customers anywhere in the world as long as they have Internet access.
The Internet has proven to be a great equalizer, giving small firms a presence comparable to that of giants in the marketplace. For instance, an individual artist who may live in a small rural community and earns little money at local flea markets and festivals can open a web-based store and develop an online presence, allowing the artist to show his creations to people who may live anywhere in the world, increasing his customer base and profit margin.
Having an e-commerce operation can be helpful in compressing the sales cycle — reducing the time between receiving an order and converting the sale to cash. The shorter cycle translates into quicker payments from customers and improved cash flow to the business. E-commerce also allows small businesses to build on customer service, one of their greatest strengths. Using Electronic Customer Relationship Marketing (eCRM), an electronically-based software system that emphasizes customer relationships, allows a business to consolidate and integrate data from various sources with the goal of building customer loyalty.
There are limitations to e-commerce however that should be considered when choosing to develop an online presence. Both technical and non-technical limitations can have an impact on the e-commerce of a business. Technical limitations include the cost of developing and maintaining a website, insufficient telecommunications bandwidth, software that must be constantly updated, customers with limited access depending on the type of connection they have, and the very real possibility that not all potential customers have Internet access. Non-technical limitations include customer concerns over privacy issues, security issues such as identity theft, customer’s inability to physically touch the products, and the possible challenges of dealing with global cultures and languages.
We live in a global community with economic ties between nations. The growth of the Internet has fueled economies worldwide and continues to transform the way in which nations communicate and companies conduct business. It is not a guaranteed success for a company to do so but to not consider entering the electronic marketplace is to the peril of that business.
References
Moore, R.S., & Breazeale, M. (2010). Electronic commerce research: the first 15 years in the fields of marketing, management, and information systems. Marketing Management Journal, 20(1), 105-122. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.
Mini Project 4
Brick-and-mortar stores remain the backbone of the marketplace but with the invention of the Internet industries, businesses, and entrepreneurs have been exposed to a whole new world of commerce.
When the exchange of money for goods or services occurs it has traditionally been between two or more people or took place within a physical location. The market operated this way for centuries, whether the location was a wooden structure in a small town or a concrete and glass building in the middle of a large city.
The creation of the Internet and World Wide Web changed all of that in a very short period of time. People now had the option of doing business online, continuing to visit a physical location, or a combination of both. More and more the number of organizations choosing to conduct business and therefore e-commerce on the Internet is growing at a fast pace.
Electronic commerce has transformed the marketplace by changing organizational business models, shaping relationships between companies and consumers, and instigating changes in marketplace structure. These processes have a dynamic structure, constantly changing and allowing some patterns to emerge. Globally, the adoption of the Internet has allowed over 500 million Asians and 300 million Europeans instant access to news, information and online events through mobile and PC-based connections (Moore, & Breazeale, 2010).
Advanced communication, networking, and information technologies allow organizations of all sizes to communicate, collaborate, and transact business with greater flexibility and ease and at much lower costs than previously done. This has led to changes in organizational culture and behavior. Some changes will be incremental as firms adopt these new technologies and adapt them to fit their business models. Due to these changes virtual businesses, otherwise known as cyber-traders, have developed
Cyber-traders are virtual businesses that do not have a physical presence in a brick-and-mortar location and who operate only in cyberspace. Cyber-traders typically specialize in niche markets and have the ability to adapt quickly to consumer demands. These businesses usually do not own or have control of actual physical products but instead provide a service for the convenience of the public. Most began as small start-ups but quickly grew into household names. Amazon and eBay are two such e-commerce sites.
Factors that are key for competing in e-commerce markets include the ability to build user communities, attract advertising, and create and build strong brand recognition. Virtual businesses also offer a variety of consumer friendly services. Competition in the e-commerce marketplace allows for non-industry — small businesses — to enter the field and build alliances with other businesses as well as develop relationships with consumers.
Needless to say electronic commerce would not exist without the Internet. E-commerce began as a dot on the map and has expanded into a fast-growing, open market with global awareness and influence. This presence is likely to only increase the global market size and share, changing the structure in terms of the size and number of players and competitive rules. With e-commerce digital communication and products have no borders, consumers have access to products and services any time they log onto the Web, and business are faced with more competition not only on the home front but internationally as well.
References
Moore, R.S., & Breazeale, M. (2010). Electronic commerce research: the first 15 years in the fields of marketing, management, and information systems. Marketing Management Journal, 20(1), 105-122. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.
Mini Project 5
Today in most parts of the world people have access to thousands of e-commerce websites where they have the ability to purchase just about any item. Those items range from furniture to automobiles to books to food products. Drugs can be purchased from one nation and shipped to another in an attempt to cut costs and bypass laws. Services such as doctor’s visits can now be done online if both parties have web cameras. All of these have an impact on the economy. Electronic commerce is growing rapidly with each passing day and the potential for future growth seems unlimited.
Perhaps those involved foresaw the impact e-commerce would have on the economy but its effect on the job market took many by surprise. Electronic commerce meant that new jobs were created. Website designers, data entry, Internet security, and data entry positions to name just a few were created and had to be filled if businesses were to succeed online. Those positions were specialties that required technical knowledge and were good news for people with those skills or the ability to learn them, but when businesses went online many curtailed their brick-and-mortar businesses or closed them altogether, putting people who filled the positions of cashiers and clerks out of jobs.
Electronic commerce has also had a tremendous impact on society. People in developed societies have become accustomed to shopping from the convenience of their own homes or offices, never having to venture into a brick-and-mortar store if they choose not to, leading to both a positive and negative effect on society. On the positive side is convenience, ease of purchase and return, and having the ability to view items that they may not have had the opportunity to buy locally. On the negative side many smaller businesses have had to shut their doors permanently or evolve into an online presence they may not have wanted.
The actual costs of doing business online are small compared to that of doing business in a physical location. Marketing online remains a fairly low-cost alternative to purchasing advertisements in magazines or commercial air time which can run into the millions depending on the length of the ad and the timeslot where it will be placed. There is no doubt that the influence of e-commerce on how people choose to view items and make purchasing decisions will continue unabated.
All of the above information pertains to developed nations but not all countries fit that description. There remain many challenges and obstacles to overcome before emerging countries can truly benefit from the Internet and participate in genuine electronic commerce. Many nations lack the necessary technological infrastructure required and do not have government support due to monetary and religious restrictions. In B2B commerce, a buyer’s perception of a country’s national integrity could affect his cognitive judgment and expectation of the moral character of typical suppliers in that country. Suppliers in countries with high perceived national integrity may be expected to adhere to certain moral principles, showing integrity at the individual level. Also, the higher the perceived national integrity, the greater would be the expected deterrence of deviant behaviors by a typical supplier (Koh, Fichman, & Kraut, 2009).
The growth of the communications industry led to the emergence of e-commerce, and the impact of that cannot be negated. The Internet has integrated the computer and the tele-communications field, revolutionizing the way in which communication is carried out on a daily basis. As this decade comes to a close electronic commerce is still developing and transitioning, allowing information and goods to move internationally at an increasing rate of speed. That in turn allows more businesses to have opportunities to reach the national and international market as they never have before.
References
Koh, T., Fichman, M., & Kraut, R.E. (2009). Trust across borders: buyer-supplier trust in global B2B e-commerce. Academy of Management Annual Meeting Proceedings, 1-6. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.
Electronic Commerce Life Cycle
Final Project
Introduction to Electronic Commerce
The exchange of goods and services between two or more people, otherwise known as commerce, is as old a practice as mankind. In recent times commerce has added a twist, pairing it with electronic resources. With the invention of the computer and the creation of the Internet business done online became known as Electronic Commerce (e-commerce). E-commerce combines technology, information systems, and the long reaching arm of the Internet to bring together businesses and customers in a paperless exchange of business information. It has proven to be an alternative means of conducting business that formerly was done in person, by phone, or in a brick-and-mortar store.
Business-to Business electronic commerce facilitates inter-organizational interaction and transaction. Here two or more business entities interact with each other directly or through an intermediary (Kumar & Kumar, 2009). In 1990 Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web, taking an academic computer network and transforming it into a communications system available to anyone with a computer. By the turn of the new century the Internet had grown to such an extent that businesses were able to offer their services and products online.
When speaking about globalization most refer to the recent past of the 1990s as the beginning but in truth one must go back to the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Human innovation brought forth the invention of the telephone and airplane, opening people to possibilities before unknown. Prior to this having contact with others at great distances took long periods of time. As time passed technological advances made it faster and easier to conduct business transactions.
Stages of Electronic Commerce
Globalization and therefore e-commerce, brings market forces from all corners of the world, from industrial complexes and financial centers of large urban areas to small villages in remote locations, together to exchange goods and services. Economies across the world have integrated labor and technology, along with political, cultural, and environmental plans, bringing substantial benefits to all involved. As the economy moves from local to national markets, transactions span longer social and geographical distances — this requires the production of institutional, formal trust (Koh, Fichman, & Kraut, 2009).
In terms of e-commerce centralization refers to a method of having one main location or area in which all data can be electronically accessed or distributed. That data will hold all information regarding services or products for sale, clients, customers, and preferences. All information is stored on one server and can be distributed to various interested parties. Due to this compilation of data more detailed information can be garnered; specific information on what services or products are most popular, the reason for that popularity, customer demographics, sales totals broken into specific time frames, etc. are all segments of information available in a centralized e-commerce location.
The Internet, a communications medium unlike any other and previously unavailable to businesses in past decades, has reshaped the way companies conduct business while simultaneously providing an alternative to traditional brick-and-mortar stores and given small businesses an opportunity to level the playing field in their competition with large companies.
Analyzing the Need for E-Commerce
Need Analysis is the process of identifying and evaluating the needs of an organization. The identification of needs then details problems of a target subject and possible solutions to these problems. Need analysis focuses on what should be done and the requirements related to the goals that have been established rather than on what had been done previously as is the focus of most program evaluations.
Whether the analysis is formal and extensive or informal with a narrow focus it will include all activities used and the information collected that will be used to work toward goals previously set. The goals will be the foundation for the needs analysis and will provide the framework for future work to be done. Usually target goals will address organization needs as a whole, departmental needs, knowledge, and employee attitudes and skills.
Once the need analysis has been completed, the needs that were identified are translated into measurable objectives that can guide the training process. Training objectives should focus on the behavior component which describes in clear terms what a learner has to do to demonstrate that he or she has in fact learned. Behavioral training objectives state what the person will be able to do, under what conditions and how well he or she will be able to do it (Sunita, & Ajeya, 2010).
One of the first things a business must consider before entering the e-commerce market is to determine if the business itself is tailored to or can be adapted to doing business over the Internet. In this area not all businesses are created equally. Some types of businesses sell services that may be better handled in person, such as personal insurance or automobiles. It is fine to have a website that advertises the company with all pertinent information listed but no matter how well a photograph depicts an automobile it is no substitute for the buyer taking a test drive.
When an organization is making the decision to do a needs analysis there are two types to consider. The first type can be called a competency analysis because it identifies new skills and abilities that could be acquired based on opportunities available at the time. The second type of needs analysis is called a problem analysis because it identifies a specific problem facing the organization and offers solutions crafted to solve that problem.
Although it can be argued that conducting a needs analysis is redundant because there is already information available specifying what an organization’s needs are, conducting an analysis contributes to the overall strategy of an organization in regards to educating and training all members of the company. All employees must be invested in making improvements that are deemed necessary for the growth and success of the organization as well as their personal career growth. The seeds for ultimate acceptance and use of the solution are planned at the beginning of the phase. The goal is to identify key people, think about how the solution to the problem will affect each of them and start to pursue their buy-in. The purpose of a strategy or a plan of action is to establish needs, regardless of the level or type of needs assessment to be undertaken (Sunita, & Ajeya, 2010).
E-Commerce and Small Businesses
Establishing an e-commerce business presence is a viable option for small businesses to reach more consumers. How people shop and search for information has dramatically changed over the past fifteen years. With the advent of widespread commercial Internet technologies, the changes in business operations and consumer behavior have been unprecedented. In the United States alone, purchasing has grown from nothing in 1993 to more than $1 trillion in 2007, accounting for more than three percent of all retail transactions (Moore, & Breazeale, 2010).
Before entering into the e-commerce marketplace it is important for a business to understand e-commerce. A business owner must have clearly defined goals and know what he wishes to accomplish by going online, as well as understanding the time and effort that will be involved in creating the business’ online image. First impressions are import and the way in which a product or service is presented to the public will have a great impact on future sales and customer relationships.
Electronic commerce benefits a small business in numerous ways. It offers an opportunity to compete with the larger companies on a more level playing field. Limited resources frequently restrict the ability of small firms to reach beyond local markets. When confined to their brick-and-mortar world, small businesses typically are restricted to a certain geographic area. The Internet blurs those lines, allowing any business access to customers anywhere in the world as long as they have Internet access.
The Internet has proven to be a great equalizer, giving small firms a presence comparable to that of giants in the marketplace. For instance, an individual artist who may live in a small rural community and earns little money at local flea markets and festivals can open a web-based store and develop an online presence, allowing the artist to show his creations to people who may live anywhere in the world, increasing his customer base and profit margin.
Having an e-commerce operation can be helpful in compressing the sales cycle — reducing the time between receiving an order and converting the sale to cash. The shorter cycle translates into quicker payments from customers and improved cash flow to the business.
E-commerce also allows small businesses to build on customer service, one of their greatest strengths. Using Electronic Customer Relationship Marketing (eCRM), an electronically-based software system that emphasizes customer relationships, allows a business to consolidate and integrate data from various sources with the goal of building customer loyalty.
There are limitations to e-commerce however that should be considered when choosing to develop an online presence. Both technical and non-technical limitations can have an impact on the e-commerce of a business. Technical limitations include the cost of developing and maintaining a website, insufficient telecommunications bandwidth, software that must be constantly updated, customers with limited access depending on the type of connection they have, and the very real possibility that not all potential customers have Internet access. Non-technical limitations include customer concerns over privacy issues, security issues such as identity theft, customer’s inability to physically touch the products, and the possible challenges of dealing with global cultures and languages.
We live in a global community with economic ties between nations. The growth of the Internet has fueled economies worldwide and continues to transform the way in which nations communicate and companies conduct business. It is nearly unheard of for any types of business to not have forged a path into electronic commerce. It is not a guaranteed success for a company to do so but to not consider entering the electronic marketplace is to the peril of that business.
Changes E-Commerce Brought to the Market
Brick-and-mortar stores remain the backbone of the marketplace but with the invention of the Internet industries, businesses, and entrepreneurs have been exposed to a whole new world of commerce.
When the exchange of money for goods or services occurs it has traditionally been between two or more people or took place within a physical location. The market operated this way for centuries, whether the location was a wooden structure in a small town or a concrete and glass building in the middle of a large city.
The creation of the Internet and World Wide Web changed all of that in a very short period of time. People now had the option of doing business online, continuing to visit a physical location, or a combination of both. More and more the number of organizations choosing to conduct business and therefore e-commerce on the Internet is growing at a fast pace.
Electronic commerce has transformed the marketplace by changing organizational business models, shaping relationships between companies and consumers, and instigating changes in marketplace structure. These processes have a dynamic structure, constantly changing and allowing some patterns to emerge. Globally, the adoption of the Internet has allowed over 500 million Asians and 300 million Europeans instant access to news, information and online events through mobile and PC-based connections (Moore, & Breazeale, 2010).
Advanced communication, networking, and information technologies allow organizations of all sizes to communicate, collaborate, and transact business with greater flexibility and ease and at much lower costs than previously done. This has led to changes in organizational culture and behavior. Some changes will be incremental as firms adopt these new technologies and adapt them to fit their business models. Due to these changes virtual businesses, otherwise known as cyber-traders, have developed.
Cyber-traders are virtual businesses that do not have a physical presence in a brick-and-mortar location and who operate only in cyberspace. Cyber-traders typically specialize in niche markets and have the ability to adapt quickly to consumer demands. These businesses usually do not own or have control of actual physical products but instead provide a service for the convenience of the public. Most began as small start-ups but quickly grew into household names. Amazon and eBay are two such e-commerce sites.
Factors that are important for competing in e-commerce markets include the ability to build user communities, attract advertising, and create and build strong brand recognition. Virtual businesses also offer a variety of consumer friendly services. Competition in the e-commerce marketplace allows for non-industry — small businesses — to enter the field and build alliances with other businesses as well as develop relationships with consumers.
Needless to say electronic commerce would not exist without the Internet. E-commerce began as a dot on the map and has expanded into a fast-growing, open market with global awareness and influence. This presence is likely to only increase the global market size and share, changing the structure in terms of the size and number of players and competitive rules. With e-commerce digital communication and products have no borders, consumers have access to products and services any time they log onto the Web, and business are faced with more competition not only on the home front but internationally as well.
Practical Applications
The myriad of uses of the Internet has evolved such that consumers use it to make purchases, seek health information, and even vote in national elections. Businesses have developed worldwide virtual teams and conduct meetings with clients and employees on a daily basis through webcasting (Moore, & Breazeale, 2010). Today in most parts of the world people have access to thousands of e-commerce websites where they have the ability to purchase just about any item. Those items range from furniture to automobiles to books to food products. Drugs can be purchased from one nation and shipped to another in an attempt to cut costs and bypass laws. Services such as doctor’s visits can now be done online if both parties have web cameras. All of these have an impact on the economy. Electronic commerce is growing rapidly with each passing day and the potential for future growth seems unlimited.
Summary
Perhaps those involved foresaw the impact e-commerce would have on the economy but its effect on the job market took many by surprise. Electronic commerce meant that new jobs were created. Website designers, data entry, Internet security, and data entry positions to name just a few were created and had to be filled if businesses were to succeed online. Those positions were specialties that required technical knowledge and were good news for people with those skills or the ability to learn them, but when businesses went online many curtailed their brick-and-mortar businesses or closed them altogether, putting people who filled the positions of cashiers and clerks out of jobs.
Electronic commerce has also had a tremendous impact on society. People in developed societies have become accustomed to shopping from the convenience of their own homes or offices, never having to venture into a brick-and-mortar store if they choose not to, leading to both a positive and negative effect on society. On the positive side is convenience, ease of purchase and return, and having the ability to view items that they may not have had the opportunity to buy locally. On the negative side many smaller businesses have had to shut their doors permanently or evolve into an online presence they may not have wanted.
The actual costs of doing business online are small compared to that of doing business in a physical location. Marketing online remains a fairly low-cost alternative to purchasing advertisements in magazines or commercial air time which can run into the millions depending on the length of the ad and the timeslot where it will be placed. There is no doubt that the influence of e-commerce on how people choose to view items and make purchasing decisions will continue unabated.
All of the above information pertains to developed nations but not all countries fit that description. There remain many challenges and obstacles to overcome before emerging countries can truly benefit from the Internet and participate in genuine electronic commerce. Many nations lack the necessary technological infrastructure required and do not have government support due to monetary and religious restrictions. In B2B commerce, a buyer’s perception of a country’s national integrity could affect his cognitive judgment and expectation of the moral character of typical suppliers in that country. Suppliers in countries with high perceived national integrity may be expected to adhere to certain moral principles, showing integrity at the individual level. Also, the higher the perceived national integrity, the greater would be the expected deterrence of deviant behaviors by a typical supplier (Koh, Fichman, & Kraut, 2009).
The growth of the communications industry led to the emergence of e-commerce, and the impact of that cannot be negated. The Internet has integrated the computer and the tele-communications field, revolutionizing the way in which communication is carried out on a daily basis. As this decade comes to a close electronic commerce is still developing and transitioning, allowing information and goods to move internationally at an increasing rate of speed. That in turn allows more businesses to have opportunities to reach the national and international market as they never have before.
References
Koh, T., Fichman, M., & Kraut, R.E. (2009). Trust across borders: buyer-supplier trust in global B2B e-commerce. Academy of Management Annual Meeting Proceedings, 1-6. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.
Kumar, M., & Kumar, M. (2009). An Analysis of E-commerce models and strategies. Advances in Management, 2(12), 7-10. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.
Moore, R.S., & Breazeale, M. (2010). Electronic commerce research: the first 15 years in the fields of marketing, management, and information systems. Marketing Management Journal, 20(1), 105-122. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.
Sunita, D., & Ajeya, J. (2010). Training Need Assessment: A Critical Study. Advances in Management, 3(11), 59-65. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.
E-Commerce
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What discipline/subjects do you deal in?
We have highlighted some of the most popular subjects we handle above. Those are just a tip of the iceberg. We deal in all academic disciplines since our writers are as diverse. They have been drawn from across all disciplines, and orders are assigned to those writers believed to be the best in the field. In a nutshell, there is no task we cannot handle; all you need to do is place your order with us. As long as your instructions are clear, just trust we shall deliver irrespective of the discipline.
Are your writers competent enough to handle my paper?
Our essay writers are graduates with bachelor's, masters, Ph.D., and doctorate degrees in various subjects. The minimum requirement to be an essay writer with our essay writing service is to have a college degree. All our academic writers have a minimum of two years of academic writing. We have a stringent recruitment process to ensure that we get only the most competent essay writers in the industry. We also ensure that the writers are handsomely compensated for their value. The majority of our writers are native English speakers. As such, the fluency of language and grammar is impeccable.
What if I don’t like the paper?
There is a very low likelihood that you won’t like the paper.
Reasons being:
- When assigning your order, we match the paper’s discipline with the writer’s field/specialization. Since all our writers are graduates, we match the paper’s subject with the field the writer studied. For instance, if it’s a nursing paper, only a nursing graduate and writer will handle it. Furthermore, all our writers have academic writing experience and top-notch research skills.
- We have a quality assurance that reviews the paper before it gets to you. As such, we ensure that you get a paper that meets the required standard and will most definitely make the grade.
In the event that you don’t like your paper:
- The writer will revise the paper up to your pleasing. You have unlimited revisions. You simply need to highlight what specifically you don’t like about the paper, and the writer will make the amendments. The paper will be revised until you are satisfied. Revisions are free of charge
- We will have a different writer write the paper from scratch.
- Last resort, if the above does not work, we will refund your money.
Will the professor find out I didn’t write the paper myself?
Not at all. All papers are written from scratch. There is no way your tutor or instructor will realize that you did not write the paper yourself. In fact, we recommend using our assignment help services for consistent results.
What if the paper is plagiarized?
We check all papers for plagiarism before we submit them. We use powerful plagiarism checking software such as SafeAssign, LopesWrite, and Turnitin. We also upload the plagiarism report so that you can review it. We understand that plagiarism is academic suicide. We would not take the risk of submitting plagiarized work and jeopardize your academic journey. Furthermore, we do not sell or use prewritten papers, and each paper is written from scratch.
When will I get my paper?
You determine when you get the paper by setting the deadline when placing the order. All papers are delivered within the deadline. We are well aware that we operate in a time-sensitive industry. As such, we have laid out strategies to ensure that the client receives the paper on time and they never miss the deadline. We understand that papers that are submitted late have some points deducted. We do not want you to miss any points due to late submission. We work on beating deadlines by huge margins in order to ensure that you have ample time to review the paper before you submit it.
Will anyone find out that I used your services?
We have a privacy and confidentiality policy that guides our work. We NEVER share any customer information with third parties. Noone will ever know that you used our assignment help services. It’s only between you and us. We are bound by our policies to protect the customer’s identity and information. All your information, such as your names, phone number, email, order information, and so on, are protected. We have robust security systems that ensure that your data is protected. Hacking our systems is close to impossible, and it has never happened.
How our Assignment Help Service Works
1. Place an order
You fill all the paper instructions in the order form. Make sure you include all the helpful materials so that our academic writers can deliver the perfect paper. It will also help to eliminate unnecessary revisions.
2. Pay for the order
Proceed to pay for the paper so that it can be assigned to one of our expert academic writers. The paper subject is matched with the writer’s area of specialization.
3. Track the progress
You communicate with the writer and know about the progress of the paper. The client can ask the writer for drafts of the paper. The client can upload extra material and include additional instructions from the lecturer. Receive a paper.
4. Download the paper
The paper is sent to your email and uploaded to your personal account. You also get a plagiarism report attached to your paper.
PLACE THIS ORDER OR A SIMILAR ORDER WITH US TODAY AND GET A PERFECT SCORE!!!
